![]() The sewing machine became the foundation of the ready-made clothing industry. The sewing machine was invented by Elias Howe in 1846 and it was perfected by Issac Singer. He introduced the concept of interchangeable parts it caught on in 1850 and became the basis for mass-production. The treaty of Ghent almost let British with their cheap goods ruin American industry but the protective tariff of 1816 helped to stop it.Įli Whitney once again helped to make another machine to help the firearm industry. Patriotism arose and “Buy American” “wear American” became popular slogans. The was or 1812 and the embargo caused factories to boom New England favored industry because it didn’t have good soil for agriculture it had a dense population for working along with fast rivers to power factories and it was close to seaports. Increased the demand for cotton and consequently the demand for slaves. ![]() It was 50 times more effective at picking out cotton it affected America and the rest of the world. He escaped Britain with the plans for a machine memorized. Samuel Slater is known as the father of the factory system in America. Not until past mid 19 century was the factory more profitable than the farm. Labor was hard to find until immigrants came, land was cheap in America and no one wanted to be stuck in a factory. Immigrants were actually helpful and necessary for shaping and helping the US economy.Īmericans were slow to embrace machinery over agriculture.Įurope had already started up their industrial revolution and put up laws to protect themselves and passed laws that wouldn’t let machines or mechanics who knew how to make them leave the country. Immigrants were making the US one of the most ethnically and racially varied in the world. The occasional mass violence between them would kill and injure people and sometimes even burn churches. They would make up shocking stories about the immigrants. The nativisits wanted restrictions on immigration and naturalization. Not only did the new comers take away native’s jobs but they brought in new religions. The massive immigration made American “nativists” feel threatened.Īmericans felt that the foreign people would outbreed, outvote and overwhelm the native people. Slightly distrusted because they strived to keep their language and customs by keeping to themselves mostly. The German were well-educated and brought in lots of ideas- they supported public schools and were opposed to slavery. Unlike the Irish the German weren’t as poor coming into America, but similarly they were an influential political group. There was a huge influx of German between 1830-1860 because of crop failures and other hardships. There were race riots because the Irish and Blacks hated each other.Įventually some became property owners and the Irish influential in politics. They were also discriminated against and not often given work. They were disliked in America and forced to live in squalor because they were poor. Consequently the Irish moved to American cities. The “Black Forties” was a terrible famine time where the potatoes the Irish depended on rotted. ![]() Steamships made it faster and cheaper to reach America. In 1840’s -1850’ the immigration rate rose greatly because it seemed that Europe was running out space.Īmerica beaconed strongly to struggling people because it was the land of freedom and opportunity. Urban growth brought diseases and bad living standards. In the mid 18 hundreds the population doubled every 25 years.īy 1860 there were 33 states and America was the fourth most populated nation in the world. George Catlin was one of the first to advocate preservation of nature and the idea of national parks. ![]() It’s pure, wild lands were the nation’s defining attributes Yet Americans revered nature and admired its beauty. The pioneers changed the western landscape- they exhausted the soil with tobacco, burnt lands to make pastures and killed many animals almost to the point of extinction.Īmerican fur trappers worked with Indians and traded manufactured goods for beaver pelts, bison robes and sea-otter pelts. Poorly fed, they were victims of diseases, depression and premature death. The wild west was very alluring, and young people moved out to settle The west, with its raw frontier was the most American part of America. Chapter 14 Forging the national economy 1790-1860 ![]()
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